ChE 120C

syllabus
   
Contact Information
   
    Office Hours:
Professor: Matthew Tirrell (lectures)
EI, Room 1038, Extension 3141
E-mail: tirrell@engineering.ucsb.edu 
M 3:00-4:00 p.m.

Professor: Samir Mitragotri (recitation)
EII, Room 3332, Extension 7532
E-mail: samir@engineering.ucsb.edu

 

F 9:00-10:00 a.m.
Office Hours:

Teaching Assistant: Ray Tu
MRL, Room 1050, Extension 7941
E-mail: tu@mrl.ucsb.edu

T 1:00-2:00 p.m.
W, 9:00-10:00

Location:
MRL, Room 2204

 
Syllabus
 

Transport Processes I. Fluid Mechanics

The first course in a sequence of three undergraduate in Transport Processes.

Enrollment code: 04671

Lecture: Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 11:00 a.m. - 12:15 p.m.

Location: Engineering II, Room 3361

Recitation: Friday 3:00 - 3:50 p.m. in Engineering II, Room 3361

Homework: Assigned and collected on Wednesdays

Web site: http://www.chemengr.ucsb.edu/~ceweb/courses/120a
 
Course Summary
The first two-thirds of the course are devoted to a comprehensive introduction to a microscopic treatment of continuum fluid mechanics for detailed analysis and calculations of flows. The last third of the course is devoted to presentation of a macroscopic treatment of fluid mechanics for engineering applications based on the integral form of the microscopic governing equations and on empirical correlations. The overall aims of the course are to introduce students to the physical phenomena of fluid flow and to the building of mathematical models of these phenomena. Exposure of students to a wide range of technologies in which fluid mechanics play an important role is also a central goal.
 
 
References
Required Textbooks:
 

R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley, New York (1960).

G. M. Homsy, et al, Multi-Media Fluid Mechanics, Oxford University Press, Stanford, CA (2000).

 
Additional Textbook References:
 

M. M. Denn, Process Fluid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1980).

C. O. Bennett and J. E. Meyers, Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer, third edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1982).

S. Whitaker, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1968).

R. W. Fox and A. T. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, fourth edition, Wiley, New York (1992).

S. Middleman, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Wiley, New York (1998).

L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Course of Theoretical Physics, vol. 6: Fluid Mechanics, second edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1993).

D. J. Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics, second edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1988).

L. G. Leal, Laminar Flow and Convective Transport Processes: Scaling Principles and Asymptotic Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston (1992).

W. M. Deen, Analysis of Transport Phenomena, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998).

Note: Although not a required textbook, Denn's book is recommended strongly as a textbook reference.

 
Grading

10 Homework Assignments: 20%

2 in-class Exams: 40%

Final Exam: 40%

 
Mid Term Exams

Friday, October 20 and Wednesday, November 15

 
Final Exams

Tuesday, December 12, 12:00-3:00 p.m.

 
Course Outline
     

1.

 Thermophysical Properties and Rheology of Fluids (five hours)
Goal:
  • Introduction to basic concepts of rheological behavior of fluids, such as viscosity, rheological classification of fluids to Newtonian and non- Newtonian, and viscoelasticity.
  • Basic principles of viscometry, viscometers, and analysis of rheological measurements (e.g., shear stress vs. shear rate data).
  • Pressure distributions in static fluid, surface and interfacial tension.
Background:
  • Chemical engineering thermodynamics from 110A-B to understand dependence of fluid rheological properties on temperature and pressure.
  • Basic physical chemistry, e.g. kinetic theory of gases, to understand connection between molecular-level processes and fluid rheology.
  • Basic regression analysis.
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapters 1.0 - 1.4
Computing:
  • Fitting of rheological data according to simple rheological models

 
2.
Deformation and Flow of Continuum Bodies: Introduction through Simple 1-D Steady Laminar Flows (4 hours)
     
Goal:
  • Introduction to quick and easy analysis of simple flows through use of shell momentum balances
  • Provide link to mathematically rigorous and formal flow analysis
  • Post-processing calculation of important flow quantities, such as volumetric flow rates and forces on solid walls
Background:
  • Differentiation, integration, and solution of simple ODEs (from Math 5 and/or Engr. 5)
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapters 2.0 - 2.5
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
  • Numerical solution of simple ODEs and numerical integration
  • Plotting of velocity and stress profiles

 
3.
 Mathematical Formalism of Continuum Fluid Mechanics: Differential Form of Mass, Momentum, and Energy Conservation Equations
( 6 hours)
Goal:
  • Derivation of the partial differential equations based on the mathematical formulation of the physical laws of mass, momentum, and energy
  • Applications in fluid mechanics modeling for analysis of simple flows
Background:
  • Vector analysis, ordinary, and partial differential equations (from Math 5 and/or Engr. 5) - very solid background; Matrices, Tensors.
  • Freshman physics or equivalent course in mechanics
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapters 3.0 - 3.5
  • Denn, chapters 7.1 - 7.6, 8.1 - 8.6
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
N/A
  

 
4.
 Dimensional Analysis and Scaling Analysis of the Navier-Stokes Equation (4 hours)
Goal:
  • Introduction to the concepts of scaling and similarity
  • Derivation of dimensionless forms of the conservation equations and identification of corresponding dimensionless groups
Background:
  • Basic linear algebra (from Math 5 and/or Engr. 5)
  • Basic ChE 10 background, e.g., in handling units of physical quantities

 

Reading:
  • BSL, Chapter 3.7
  • Denn, Chapters 3.1 - 3.3, 11.1 - 11.7
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
N/A
 

 
5.

Microscopic treatment of Incompressible Flow of Newtonian Fluids
(15 hours)
Goal:
  • Introduction to exact and approximate techniques for analysis of 1-D transient flows and 2-D steady flows including:
    • Similarity solution of accelerating flow,
    • Creeping flow,
    • Potential flow, and
    • Integral momentum approximation to boundary-layer theory for simple geometries (flat plates, cylinders, and spheres).
  • Computation of streamfunctions and potential functions and other helpful tools for flow analysis and visualization
Background:
  • Vector analysis, ordinary, and partial differential equations (from Math 5 and/or Engr. 5) - very solid background
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapters 4, 2.6
  • Denn, Chapters 9, 12.1, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2, 14, 15
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
  • Visualization of vector fields
  • Numerical solution of ODEs and numerical evaluation of integrals

 
6.
 Introduction to Turbulence (2 hours)  
Goal:
  • Time averages and fluctuations
  • Derivation of Reynolds stresses
  • Discussion of typical turbulent velocity profiles
  • Simplest possible introduction to transition to chaos
Background:
  • Some calculus and material from Math 5 and/or Engr. 5
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapters 5.0 - 5.3
  • Denn, Chapter 16
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
N/A
 

 
7.
 Friction Factors, Empirical Dimensionless Correlations, and Design Applications (6 hours)
Goal:
  • Introduction of the friction-factor concept
  • Applications to flows in channels and around solid particles
  • Understanding and implementation of empirical dimensionless correlations in analysis of complex flows
  • Analysis and design of packed beds of solid particles
Background:
  • Basic linear algebra (Math 5 and/or Engr. 5) and regression analysis
  • Basic background from ChE 10
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapter 6
  • Denn, Chapters 3.4 - 3.7, 4
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
  • Fitting of experimental data by empirical correlations
  • Numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations
  • Packed-bed design using packaged software

 
8.

Integral Forms of the Conservation Equations: Macroscopic Balances and Engineering Applications
(8 hours)
Goal:
  • Derivation of the integral form of the conservation equations from the differential form
  • Application to design of systems for transferring fluids (calculations of pressure drop in piping systems, dimensions of pipes, energy requirements for fluid pumping, etc.)
Background:
  • Chemical engineering thermodynamics (ChE 110A-B)
  • Mass energy balances (ChE 10)
  • Vector analysis and ODEs (Math 5 and/or Engr. 5)
Reading:
  • BSL, Chapter 7
  • Denn, Chapters 5 and 6
  • Lecture notes and handouts
Computing:
  • Numerical solution of initial value problems
  • Numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations
  • Pump and pipe design using packaged software
  Note: The total number of 50 hours includes recitation/discussion hours at one hour/week, i.e., a total of 10 hours during the quarter
 
 
Course Schedule
     
1.
 M 9/25 Introduction: Thinking about fluid mechanics in the context of chemical engineering  
 
2.
W 9/27 Fluid flow and viscosity; dimensional analysis; rheological properties of fluids  
 
3.
F 9/29 Rheological classification and fluid behavior  
 
4.
M 10/2 Statics, surface tension, stress and dynamics  
 
5.
W 10/4 Introduction to momentum balances in fluids  
 
6.
F 10/6 One-dimensional laminar flow  
 
7.
M 10/9 Differential forms of conservation equations  
 
8.
 W 10/11 Equation of continuity (mass conservation)  
 
9.
 F 10/13 Equation of motion (momentum conservation)  
 
10.
 M 10/16 Angular momentum, mechanical energy  
 
11.
 W 10/18 Analysis of fluid flow problems using differential conservation equations  
 
12.
 F 10/20 Exam #1  
 
13.
M 10/23 Dimensional analysis of conservation equations  
 
14.
W 10/25 One-dimensional time dependent flow  
 
15.
 F 10/27 Creeping flow (low Reynolds number)  
 
16.
 M 10/30 Low Reynolds number flow continued (lubrication, suspensions, coating)  
 
17.
 W 11/1 Kinematics, streamlines, streaklines, pathlines  
 
18.
 F 11/3 Potential flow, stream functions  
 
19.
 M 11/6 Turbulence  
 
20.
 W 11/8 Boundary layer theory F 11/10 Holiday (Veteran's Day - No class session)  
 
21.
 M 11/13 Boundary layer theory continued  
 
22.
 W 11/15 Exam #2  
 
23.
 F 11/17 Friction factors and dimensionless correlations  
 
24.
 M 11/20 Integral forms of conservation equations  
 
25.
 W 11/22 Macroscopic mass, momentum and energy balances F 11/24 Holiday (Thanksgiving Day - No class session)  
 
26.
 M 11/27 Bernoulli's equation  
 
27.
 W 11/29 Applications to process flows, pipe networks, contractions, expansions, jets, turbines  
 
28.
 F 12/1 Applications continued  
 
29.
 M 12/4 Compressible flow, sound propagation, shockwaves  
 
30.
 W 12/6 Fluid mechanics design problems  
 
T 12/12 Final Exam, 12:00-3:00 p.m.